Input and Variables in Shell Scripting

Input and variables in Shell ScriptingCommands
In this tutorial we are going to discuss 

User Input Arithmetic  Operator

Still we have learned basics of
of shell scripting . Where taking input is easy way in shell scripting. Now let's make our own user friendly script 
Keyboard or user input in Shell Scripting
if we need to take input we must use read command.

Also Read

• What is Cross-Site Scripting? XSS Types, Examples, & Protection
• How to Track Anyone by Sending Them a Message
• How to Executing commands in a shell script

Copy below code and paste in terminal also don't forget to make this code executable

#!/bin/bash 

#Keyboard input in shell scripting 

 echo "Enter your name" 

read name 

echo "Hello boss MR $name"

Where in line 1 shows shebang.it's a correct bash intepreter
In 2nd line shows the function of the code as a comment.
This line does not gives any result
Where in 4th line is a inbuilt command in linux.it asks users to enter some input from your keyboard.
by help of read commmand we have to instruct a variable that to store the input received from keyboard.

If you need to print some variable on output screen you have to add $ symbol before the variable.

Arithmetic operations with Shell Scripting

We might have used Arithmetic operations in different programming language.
The programming structure to other languages like javascript,linux,rubyc, c++,java and python in shell scripting.

 lets checkout some examples.

 num1=92num2=184

Now we have to add both numbers.

echo $num1+$num2

This is invalid statement gives a error in result on output screen.
Where shell declares it as a general statement.
For this we have to change that code into commandexpr. 
But how i am going to explain now
you have to put expr before every mathematical expression then the code starts working.here You can use two ways to perform arithmetic operations in bash scripting . Through Expr function and some inbuilt functions in bash scripting like double parenthesis to perform arithmetic operations

How to use expr Function in Bash Scripting
copy the below code and paste it in Linux terminal and execute then code works fine
#!/bin/bash
#Arithmetic operations in bash
num1=134
num2=33
add=`expr $num1 + $num2`
rem=`expr $num1 % $num2 `
div=`expr $num1 / $num2`
multiplication=`expr $num1 \* $num2` 
echo "addition is : $add"
echo "Remainder is: $rem"
echo "Multiplication is: $multiplication"
echo "Division is $div"

some important rules of expr function

expr: Is an inbuilt function it tells bash to evaluate expressions as the mathematical expressions.

2)expressions must as `starts and ends with reversequote` can be commonly used for mathematical expression.

3)We have to put some space between variable and operator.
36+56 or num1+num2 is error expression.
 35 + 56 or num1 + num2 is a valid expression.

4) Where * symbol can't be used for multiplication purposes in Linux because it us 
is wild card operator .so we have to discard wild card operator by \.

More examples on expr

1)You shouldn't use echo function

2)it can print expression value to general output from.

3)Get output quickly without typing vast code.Just type as i shows here get output result instantly

expr 9 + 8 
expr 9 - 8
expr 9 \* 8
expr 9 % 8

Use double parenthesis in bash script 

if you want to do multiple calculations in shell scripting you must place your variables or values in between double parenthesis .it's the ultimate easy way to maths in bash.
copy the below code and paste in your Linux terminal tap enter to run

#!/bin/bash 

#Arithmetic operations in bash with double parenthesis format 

num1=143 

num2=363 

div=$((num1 / num2)) 

add=$((num1 + num2)) 

multi=$((num1 * num2)) 

remainder=$((num1 % num2)) 

echo "addition is $add" 

echo "division is $div" 

echo "multiplication is $multi" 

echo "remainder is $remainder"

i have explained everything in previous articles.
Let's make Calculator in Linux
we might already developed calculator with html,java script,css.
Now we are going to make a working calucalator with bash script.
copy the below code and paste in your Linux terminal tap enter to run

#!/bin/bash

#Arithmetic operations in bash with double parenthesis formatecho "Enter first integer"read num1echo "enter second integer"read num2add=$((num1+num2))multi=$((num1*num2))div=$((num1/num2))remain=$((num1%num2))echo "addition is $add"echo "Division is $div"echo "remainder is $remain"echo "multiplication is $multi"

conclusion

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